Preventing Kidney Stones in a Hot Climate

Drink until your urine is pale

Aim for two and a half to three litres a day, more when it is hot. Lemon water adds citrate, which blocks stone formation.

Cut the salt, not the calcium

Excess salt pushes calcium into the urine. Dairy in normal amounts actually protects against stones.

Limit red meat and processed food

Animal protein raises uric acid and acidity. Two meat-free days a week make a measurable difference.

The takeaway

Had a stone before? A 24-hour urine analysis identifies exactly which habit to change.